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Daten & Fakten

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien
Capital

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

name: Jakarta; note - Indonesian lawmakers on 18 January 2022 approved the relocation of the country’s capital from Jakarta to a site on the island of Borneo between Samarinda City and the port city of Balikpapan; Nusantara ("archipelago"), the name of the new capital, is expected to be established in August 2024

geographic coordinates: 6 10 S, 106 49 E

time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

time zone note: Indonesia has three time zones

etymology: "Jakarta" derives from the Sanscrit "Jayakarta" meaning "victorious city" and refers to a successful defeat and expulsion of the Portuguese in 1527; previously the port had been named "Sunda Kelapa"
Citizenship

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Indonesia

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 continuous years
Legal system

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

civil law system based on the Roman-Dutch model and influenced by customary law
Suffrage

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

17 years of age; universal; married persons regardless of age
Area

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

total: 1,904,569 sq km

land: 1,811,569 sq km

water: 93,000 sq km
Land use

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

agricultural land: 31.2% (2018 est.)

arable land: 13% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 12.1% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 6.1% (2018 est.)

forest: 51.7% (2018 est.)

other: 17.1% (2018 est.)
Location

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean
Age structure

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

0-14 years: 24.22% (male 34,627,270/female 33,066,304)

15-64 years: 68.1% (male 95,267,122/female 95,063,200)

65 years and over: 7.68% (2023 est.) (male 9,892,325/female 11,560,125)
Birth rate

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

15.1 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

6.8 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Languages

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects (of which the most widely spoken is Javanese); note - more than 700 languages are used in Indonesia

major-language sample(s):
Fakta Dunia, sumber informasi dasar yang sangat diperlukan. (Indonesian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Life expectancy at birth

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

total population: 73.3 years (2023 est.)

male: 71.1 years

female: 75.7 years
Major urban areas - population

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

11.249 million JAKARTA (capital), 3.729 million Bekasi, 3.044 million Surabaya, 3.041 million Depok, 2.674 million Bandung, 2.514 million Tangerang (2023)
Median age

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

total: 31.2 years (2023 est.)

male: 30.5 years

female: 32 years
Mother's mean age at first birth

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

22.4 years (2017 est.)

note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49
Net migration rate

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

-0.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Population distribution

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

major concentration on the island of Java, which is considered one of the most densely populated places on earth; of the outer islands (those surrounding Java and Bali), Sumatra contains some of the most significant clusters, particularly in the south near the Selat Sunda, and along the northeastern coast near Medan; the cities of Makasar (Sulawesi), Banjarmasin (Kalimantan) are also heavily populated
Population growth rate

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

0.76% (2023 est.)
Total fertility rate

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

1.99 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Urbanization

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

urban population: 58.6% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Education expenditures

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

3.5% of GDP (2020 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

total: 14 years

male: 14 years

female: 14 years (2018)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

-2.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Industrial production growth rate

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

3.42% (2021 est.)
Labor force

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

138.119 million (2021 est.)
Population below poverty line

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

9.4% (2019 est.)
Unemployment rate

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

4.41% (2021 est.)

4.28% (2020 est.)

3.62% (2019 est.)
Public debt

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

42.92% of GDP (2020 est.)

33.73% of GDP (2019 est.)

33.14% of GDP (2018 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

1.56% (2021 est.)

1.92% (2020 est.)

3.03% (2019 est.)
Exports

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

$246.87 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$178.418 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$200.097 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Exports - partners

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

China 22%, United States 11%, Japan 8%, India 6%, Singapore 5% (2021)
Imports

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

$217.715 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$159.872 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$204.23 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Imports - partners

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

China 31%, Singapore 9%, Japan 7%, United States 5%, Malaysia 5% (2021)
Airports

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

673 (2021)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

total: 11,722,218 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 4 (2020 est.)
Internet users

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

total: 167.4 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 62% (2021 est.)
Railways

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

total: 8,159 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 8,159 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge (565 km electrified)

note: 4,816 km operational
Roadways

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

total: 496,607 km (2011)

paved: 283,102 km (2011)

unpaved: 213,505 km (2011)
Telephones - fixed lines

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

total subscriptions: 8,998,814 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2021 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

total subscriptions: 365,872,608 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 134 (2021 est.)
Waterways

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

21,579 km (2011)
Disputes - international

Flagge: Indonesien Indonesien

Indonesia-Australia: all borders have been agreed upon bilaterally, but a 1997 treaty that would settle the last of their maritime and EEZ boundary has yet to be ratified by Indonesia's legislature; Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef; Australia has closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier Reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing and placed restrictions on certain catches

Indonesia-Malaysia: territorial disputes resulting from competing interpretations of colonial era documents have prevented a full demarcation of the land border where there are several areas under dispute; negotiations continue; the two countries have not agreed to any EEZ boundaries; disputed maritime areas includes the Ambalat block in the Celebes Sea

Indonesia-Palau: discussions on reaching an agreement on a partial EEZ boundary line continue 

Indonesia-Papua New Guinea:  Papua New Guinea ratified an agreement governing the border in 2023; migrants and separatists crossing the porous 760-kilometer (472-mile) border have complicated diplomatic relations

Indonesia-Philippines:  have ratified EEZ boundary agreements that were initially signed in 2014

Indonesia-Singapore: continue to work on finalizing their 1973 maritime boundary agreement by defining unresolved areas north of Indonesia's Batam Island

Indonesia-Timor Leste: as of 2023, negotiations were ongoing on remaining two segments of the land border under dispute (Bidjael Sunan-Oben and Noel Besi-Citrana) and the maritime borders from Batugade to Atauro and from Atauro to Jaco 

Indonesia-Vietnam: agreed on a continental shelf boundary agreement with Vietnam in 2003 which produced a border around 250 nautical miles long, but the two countries continue to negotiate an agreement regarding EEZ delimitations in the South China Sea

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