Außenwirtschaftsportal Hessen: Daten und Fakten Indien

Daten & Fakten

Indien

Capital

Indien

name: New Delhi

geographic coordinates: 28 36 N, 77 12 E

time difference: UTC+5.5 (10.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: the city's name is associated with various myths and legends; the original name for the city may have been Dhilli or Dhillika; alternatively, the name could be a corruption of the Hindustani words "dehleez" or "dehali" - both terms meaning "threshold" or "gateway" - and indicative of the city as a gateway to the Gangetic Plain; after the British decided to move the capital of their Indian Empire from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911, they created a new governmental district south of the latter designated as New Delhi; the new capital was not formally inaugurated until 1931

Citizenship

Indien

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of India

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Legal system

Indien

common law system based on the English model; separate personal law codes apply to Muslims, Christians, and Hindus; judicial review of legislative acts

Suffrage

Indien

18 years of age; universal

Area

Indien

total: 3,287,263 sq km

land: 2,973,193 sq km

water: 314,070 sq km

Land use

Indien

agricultural land: 60.5% (2018 est.)

arable land: 52.8% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 4.2% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 3.5% (2018 est.)

forest: 23.1% (2018 est.)

other: 16.4% (2018 est.)

Location

Indien

Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and Pakistan

Age structure

Indien

0-14 years: 24.77% (male 182,143,540/female 164,492,120)

15-64 years: 68.42% (male 494,814,550/female 462,533,456)

65 years and over: 6.8% (2023 est.) (male 43,860,101/female 51,335,818)

Birth rate

Indien

16.5 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Indien

9.7 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Indien

Hindi 43.6%, Bengali 8%, Marathi 6.9%, Telugu 6.7%, Tamil 5.7%, Gujarati 4.6%, Urdu 4.2%, Kannada 3.6%, Odia 3.1%, Malayalam 2.9%, Punjabi 2.7%, Assamese 1.3%, Maithili 1.1%, other 5.6%; note - English enjoys the status of subsidiary official language but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication; there are 22 other officially recognized languages: Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu; Hindustani is a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern India but is not an official language (2011 est.)

major-language sample(s):

विश्व फ़ैक्टबुक, आधारभूत जानकारी का एक अनिवार्य स्रोत (Hindi)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth

Indien

total population: 67.7 years (2023 est.)

male: 66 years

female: 69.6 years

Major urban areas - population

Indien

32.941 million NEW DELHI (capital), 21.297 million Mumbai, 15.333 million Kolkata, 13.608 million Bangalore, 11.776 million Chennai, 10.801 million Hyderabad (2023)

Median age

Indien

total: 29.5 years (2023 est.)

male: 28.8 years

female: 30.2 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

Indien

21.2 years (2019/21)

note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49

Net migration rate

Indien

0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

Indien

with the notable exception of the deserts in the northwest, including the Thar Desert, and the mountain fringe in the north, a very high population density exists throughout most of the country; the core of the population is in the north along the banks of the Ganges, with other river valleys and southern coastal areas also having large population concentrations

Population growth rate

Indien

0.7% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Indien

2.07 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Indien

urban population: 36.4% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 2.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Education expenditures

Indien

4.5% of GDP (2020 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Indien

total: 12 years

male: 12 years

female: 12 years (2020)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Indien

-3.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Indien

10.27% (2021 est.)

Labor force

Indien

476.67 million (2021 est.)

Population below poverty line

Indien

21.9% (2011 est.)

Unemployment rate

Indien

5.98% (2021 est.)

8% (2020 est.)

5.27% (2019 est.)

Public debt

Indien

46.52% of GDP (2018 est.)

47.58% of GDP (2017 est.)

47.63% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover central government debt, and exclude debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Indien

5.13% (2021 est.)

6.62% (2020 est.)

3.73% (2019 est.)

Exports

Indien

$643.08 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$484.691 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$546.033 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Exports - partners

Indien

US 18%, UAE 6%, China 6%, Bangladesh 4%, Hong Kong 3% (2021)

Imports

Indien

$717.119 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$493.033 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$619.485 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Imports - partners

Indien

China 17%, UAE 7%, US 7%, Switzerland 6%, Saudi Arabia 5% (2021)

Airports

Indien

346 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Indien

total: 22.95 million (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2020 est.)

Internet users

Indien

total: 644 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 46% (2021 est.)

Railways

Indien

total: 65,554 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 1,604 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge

broad gauge: 63,950 km (2014) (39, 329 km electrified)

Roadways

Indien

total: 6,371,847 km (2021) note: includes 140,995 km of national highways and expressways, 171.039 km of state highways , and 6,059,813 km of other roads

note: includes 96,214 km of national highways and expressways, 147,800 km of state highways, and 4,455,010 km of other roads

Telephones - fixed lines

Indien

total subscriptions: 23,773,751 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Indien

total subscriptions: 1.15 billion (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 82 (2021 est.)

Waterways

Indien

14,500 km (2012) (5,200 km on major rivers and 485 km on canals suitable for mechanized vessels)

Disputes - international

Indien

India-China: India’s relations with China have been fraught for decades; issues include disputed frontiers, as well as China’s support for Pakistan, India’s key rival, and China’s growing influence in India’s periphery, including in the Indian Ocean; in 2020, the two engaged in the worst bilateral border conflict since the Sino-Indian War of 1962; despite ongoing negotiations, including nearly 20 rounds of military-to-military talks as of 2023, tensions at the disputed border, known as the Line of Actual Control (LAC), remain high, and China holds a reported 580 square miles of territory previously patrolled by India; non-lethal clashes involving hundreds of soldiers from each side occured in December 2022; both countries maintain tens of thousands of troops and heavy weaponry at the LAC, and both continue to improve their infrastructure and military capabilities in the disputed border region

India-Pakistan: India and Pakistan have fought three wars since 1948 over the disputed former princely region of Kashmir, the most recent in 1999; the two sides are separated by a Line of Control (LoC), a provisional military control line established in 1972 that splits Kashmir into two administrative regions; both countries have maintained a fragile cease-fire since 2003, although they regularly exchange fire across the LoC; both sides accuse the other of violating the cease-fire and claim to be shooting in response to attacks; India largely cut off bilateral engagement following an early 2019 terrorist attack in Pulwama, in Indian-held Kashmir, and a subsequent Indian airstrike on a suspected militant camp inside Pakistan India’s government continues to hold Pakistan responsible for supporting cross-border anti-India militancy, while Islamabad highlights India’s alleged repression of the Kashmir Valley’s overwhelmingly Muslim populace

India-Bangladesh: boundary disputes have been arbitrated

India-Nepal: both sides claim ownership of the Kalapani-Limpiyadhura-Lipulekh tri-junction area, as well as the Susta area, located in the southern part of Nepal’s Nawalparasi district; there have also been sporadic disputes over other borders, such as in the Mechi River and Kali River regions related to issues of encroachment, land use, and cross-border crime

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