Capital

Honduras

name: Tegucigalpa; note - article eight of the Honduran constitution states that the twin cities of Tegucigalpa and Comayaguela, jointly, constitute the capital of the Republic of Honduras; however, virtually all governmental institutions are on the Tegucigalpa side, which in practical terms makes Tegucigalpa the capital

geographic coordinates: 14 06 N, 87 13 W

time difference: UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)

etymology: while most sources agree that Tegucigalpa is of Nahuatl derivation, there is no consensus on its original meaning

Guatemala

name: Guatemala City

geographic coordinates: 14 37 N, 90 31 W

time difference: UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: the Spanish conquistadors used many native Americans as allies in their conquest of Guatemala; the site of their first capital (established in 1524), a former Maya settlement, was called "Quauhtemallan" by their Nahuatl-speaking Mexican allies, a name that means "land of trees" or "forested land", but which the Spanish pronounced "Guatemala"; the Spanish applied that name to a re-founded capital city three years later and eventually it became the name of the country

Estland

name: Tallinn

geographic coordinates: 59 26 N, 24 43 E

time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: the Estonian name is generally believed to be derived from "Taani-linn" (originally meaning "Danish castle", now "Danish town") after a stronghold built in the area by the Danes; it could also have come from "tali-linn" ("winter castle" or "winter town") or "talu-linn" ("home castle" or "home town")

Citizenship

Honduras

citizenship by birth: yes

citizenship by descent only: yes

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 1 to 3 years

Guatemala

citizenship by birth: yes

citizenship by descent only: yes

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years with no absences of six consecutive months or longer or absences totaling more than a year

Estland

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Estonia

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Legal system

Honduras

civil law system

Guatemala

civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts

Estland

civil law system

Suffrage

Honduras

18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Guatemala

18 years of age; universal; note - active duty members of the armed forces and police by law cannot vote and are restricted to their barracks on election day

Estland

18 years of age; universal; age 16 for local elections

Area

Honduras

total: 112,090 sq km

land: 111,890 sq km

water: 200 sq km

Guatemala

total: 108,889 sq km

land: 107,159 sq km

water: 1,730 sq km

Estland

total: 45,228 sq km

land: 42,388 sq km

water: 2,840 sq km

note: includes 1,520 islands in the Baltic Sea

Land use

Honduras

agricultural land: 28.8% (2018 est.)

arable land: 9.1% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 4% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 15.7% (2018 est.)

forest: 45.3% (2018 est.)

other: 25.9% (2018 est.)

Guatemala

agricultural land: 41.2% (2018 est.)

arable land: 14.2% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 8.8% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 18.2% (2018 est.)

forest: 33.6% (2018 est.)

other: 25.2% (2018 est.)

Estland

agricultural land: 22.2% (2018 est.)

arable land: 14.9% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 7.2% (2018 est.)

forest: 52.1% (2018 est.)

other: 25.7% (2018 est.)

Location

Honduras

Central America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Guatemala and Nicaragua and bordering the Gulf of Fonseca (North Pacific Ocean), between El Salvador and Nicaragua

Guatemala

Central America, bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between El Salvador and Mexico, and bordering the Gulf of Honduras (Caribbean Sea) between Honduras and Belize

Estland

Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Finland, between Latvia and Russia

Age structure

Honduras

0-14 years: 27.92% (male 1,352,581/female 1,319,338)

15-64 years: 66.18% (male 3,050,008/female 3,283,949)

65 years and over: 5.91% (2023 est.) (male 249,241/female 316,235)

Guatemala

0-14 years: 31.98% (male 2,927,423/female 2,822,441)

15-64 years: 62.78% (male 5,568,051/female 5,720,928)

65 years and over: 5.24% (2023 est.) (male 420,782/female 521,178)

Estland

0-14 years: 15.56% (male 95,732/female 91,384)

15-64 years: 62.27% (male 376,599/female 372,380)

65 years and over: 22.17% (2023 est.) (male 94,291/female 172,376)

Birth rate

Honduras

20.2 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Guatemala

21.9 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Estland

8.5 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Honduras

5.9 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Guatemala

4.9 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Estland

13.1 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Honduras

Spanish (official), Amerindian dialects

major-language sample(s):
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Guatemala

Spanish (official) 69.9%, Maya languages 29.7% (Q'eqchi' 8.3%, K'iche 7.8%, Mam 4.4%, Kaqchikel 3%, Q'anjob'al 1.2%, Poqomchi' 1%, other 4%), other 0.4% (includes Xinca and Garifuna); note - the 2003 Law of National Languages officially recognized 23 indigenous languages, including 21 Maya languages, Xinca, and Garifuna (2018 est.)

major-language sample(s):
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Estland

Estonian (official) 68.5%, Russian 29.6%, Ukrainian 0.6%, other 1.2%, unspecified 0.1% (2011 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

Honduras

total population: 71.9 years (2023 est.)

male: 68.4 years

female: 75.5 years

Guatemala

total population: 73.2 years (2023 est.)

male: 71.2 years

female: 75.3 years

Estland

total population: 78.1 years (2023 est.)

male: 73.5 years

female: 82.9 years

Major urban areas - population

Honduras

1.568 million TEGUCIGALPA (capital), 982,000 San Pedro Sula (2023)

Guatemala

3.095 million GUATEMALA CITY (capital) (2023)

Estland

454,000 TALLINN (capital) (2023)

Median age

Honduras

total: 25.3 years (2023 est.)

male: 24.4 years

female: 26.2 years

Guatemala

total: 24.4 years (2023 est.)

male: 23.8 years

female: 25 years

Estland

total: 44.7 years (2023 est.)

male: 41.5 years

female: 47.9 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

Honduras

20.3 years (2011/12 est.)

note: data represents median age a first birth among women 25-49

Guatemala

20.6 years (2014/15 est.)

note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49

Estland

28.2 years (2020 est.)

Net migration rate

Honduras

-1.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Guatemala

-1.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Estland

-2.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

Honduras

most residents live in the mountainous western half of the country; unlike other Central American nations, Honduras is the only one with an urban population that is distributed between two large centers - the capital of Tegucigalpa and the city of San Pedro Sula; the Rio Ulua valley in the north is the only densely populated lowland area

Guatemala

the vast majority of the populace resides in the southern half of the country, particularly in the mountainous regions; more than half of the population lives in rural areas

Estland

a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations

Population growth rate

Honduras

1.28% (2023 est.)

Guatemala

1.54% (2023 est.)

Estland

-0.74% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Honduras

2.37 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Guatemala

2.57 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Estland

1.62 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Honduras

urban population: 60.2% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 2.48% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Guatemala

urban population: 53.1% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 2.59% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Estland

urban population: 69.8% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: -0.03% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Education expenditures

Honduras

6.4% of GDP (2020 est.)

Guatemala

3.1% of GDP (2021 est.)

Estland

6.6% of GDP (2020 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Honduras

total: 10 years

male: 10 years

female: 11 years (2019)

Guatemala

total: 11 years

male: 11 years

female: 10 years (2019)

Estland

total: 16 years

male: 15 years

female: 17 years (2020)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Honduras

-2.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Guatemala

-1.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Estland

-0.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Honduras

20.05% (2021 est.)

Guatemala

8.49% (2021 est.)

Estland

7.13% (2021 est.)

Labor force

Honduras

4.314 million (2021 est.)

Guatemala

6.671 million (2021 est.)

Estland

704,700 (2021 est.)

Population below poverty line

Honduras

48.3% (2018 est.)

Guatemala

59.3% (2014 est.)

Estland

21.7% (2018 est.)

Unemployment rate

Honduras

8.51% (2021 est.)

8.37% (2020 est.)

5.7% (2019 est.)

note: about one-third of the people are underemployed

Guatemala

3.57% (2021 est.)

3.55% (2020 est.)

2.19% (2019 est.)

Estland

6.33% (2021 est.)

6.8% (2020 est.)

4.45% (2019 est.)

Public debt

Honduras

39.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

38.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

Guatemala

31.56% of GDP (2020 est.)

26.49% of GDP (2019 est.)

26.48% of GDP (2018 est.)

Estland

23.77% of GDP (2020 est.)

14.05% of GDP (2019 est.)

13.46% of GDP (2018 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities, including sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government, and social security funds

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Honduras

4.48% (2021 est.)

3.47% (2020 est.)

4.37% (2019 est.)

Guatemala

4.26% (2021 est.)

3.21% (2020 est.)

3.7% (2019 est.)

Estland

4.65% (2021 est.)

-0.44% (2020 est.)

2.28% (2019 est.)

Exports

Honduras

$7.941 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$6.269 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$7.243 billion (2019 est.)

Guatemala

$15.318 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$12.713 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$13.598 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Estland

$29.056 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$21.769 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$22.962 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Exports - partners

Honduras

United States 53%, El Salvador 8%, Guatemala 5%, Nicaragua 5% (2019)

Guatemala

United States 32%, El Salvador 12%, Honduras 10%, Nicaragua 6%, Mexico 4% (2021)

Estland

Finland 12%, United States 9%, Latvia 9%, Sweden 8%, Russia 6% (2021)

Imports

Honduras

$14.495 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$9.928 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$11.825 billion (2019 est.)

Guatemala

$27.388 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$19.267 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$21.527 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Estland

$29.234 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$21.813 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$21.712 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Imports - partners

Honduras

United States 42%, China 10%, Guatemala 8%, El Salvador 8%, Mexico 6% (2019)

Guatemala

United States 33%, China 17%, Mexico 9%, El Salvador 5%, Costa Rica 3% (2021)

Estland

Russia 15%, Finland 10%, Germany 10%, Latvia 7%, Lithuania 6% (2021)

Airports

Honduras

103 (2021)

Guatemala

291 (2021)

Estland

18 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Honduras

total: 396,916 (2020)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 4 (2020 est.)

Guatemala

total: 612,000 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2020 est.)

Estland

total: 415,610 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 31 (2020 est.)

Internet users

Honduras

total: 4.8 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 48% (2021 est.)

Guatemala

total: 9.18 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 51% (2021 est.)

Estland

total: 1.183 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 91% (2021 est.)

Railways

Honduras

total: 699 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 164 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge

115 km 1.057-mm gauge
420 km 0.914-mm gauge

Guatemala

total: 800 km (2018)

narrow gauge: 800 km (2018) 0.914-m gauge

note: despite the existence of a railway network, all rail service was suspended in 2007 and no passenger or freight train currently runs in the country (2018)

Estland

total: 1,441 km (2020) 225 km electrified

Roadways

Honduras

total: 14,742 km (2012)

paved: 3,367 km (2012)

unpaved: 11,375 km (2012) (1,543 km summer only)

note: an additional 8,951 km of non-official roads used by the coffee industry

Guatemala

total: 17,440 km (2020)

paved: 7,458 km (2020)

unpaved: 9,982 km (2020) (includes 4,548 km of rural roads)

Estland

total: 58,412 km (2011) (includes urban roads)

paved: 10,427 km (2011) (includes 115 km of expressways)

unpaved: 47,985 km (2011)

Telephones - fixed lines

Honduras

total subscriptions: 465,521 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 5 (2021 est.)

Guatemala

total subscriptions: 2,319,643 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 13 (2021 est.)

Estland

total subscriptions: 296,620 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 22 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Honduras

total subscriptions: 7,560,710 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 74 (2021 est.)

Guatemala

total subscriptions: 22,124,839 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 126 (2021 est.)

Estland

total subscriptions: 1,980,838 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 149 (2021 est.)

Waterways

Honduras

465 km (2012) (most navigable only by small craft)

Guatemala

990 km (2012) (260 km navigable year round; additional 730 km navigable during high-water season)

Estland

335 km (2011) (320 km are navigable year-round)

Disputes - international

Honduras

Honduras-El Salvador: International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled on the delimitation of "bolsones" (disputed areas) along the El Salvador-Honduras border in 1992 with final settlement by the parties in 2006 after an Organization of American States survey and a further ICJ ruling in 2003; the 1992 ICJ ruling advised a tripartite resolution to a maritime boundary in the Gulf of Fonseca with consideration of Honduran access to the Pacific; El Salvador continues to claim tiny Conejo Island, not mentioned in the ICJ ruling, off Honduras in the Gulf of Fonseca.

Honduras-Belize: Honduras claims the Belizean-administered Sapodilla Cays off the coast of Belize in its constitution; in 2022, Belize instituted proceedings against Honduras concerning sovereignty over the Sapodilla Cayes 

Guatemala

Guatemala-Belize: demarcated but disputed boundary due to Guatemala’s claims to more than half of Belizean territory; line of Adjacency operates in lieu of an international boundary to control influx of Guatemalan squatters onto Belizean territory; smuggling, narcotics trafficking, and human trafficking are also problems; the dispute was referred to the ICJ in 2019 for binding resolution; the 12-nm territorial sea claims of Belize and Honduras close off Guatemalan access to Caribbean in the Bahia de Amatique; maritime boundary remains unresolved pending further negotiation

Guatemala-Mexico: thousands of impoverished Guatemalans and other Central Americans cross the porous border with Mexico looking for work in Mexico and the US

Estland

Russia and Estonia in May 2005 signed a technical border agreement, but Russia in June 2005 recalled its signature after the Estonian parliament added to its domestic ratification act a historical preamble referencing the Soviet occupation and Estonia's pre-war borders under the 1920 Treaty of Tartu; Russia contends that the preamble allows Estonia to make territorial claims on Russia in the future, while Estonian officials deny that the preamble has any legal impact on the treaty text; Russia demands better treatment of the Russian-speaking population in Estonia; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Estonia implements strict Schengen border rules with Russia