Daten & Fakten
Tunesien
Peru
Libyen
Capital
Tunesien
name: Tunis
geographic coordinates: 36 48 N, 10 11 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: three possibilities exist for the derivation of the name; originally a Berber settlement (earliest reference 4th century B.C.), the strategic site fell to the Carthaginians (Phoenicians) and the city could be named after the Punic goddess Tanit, since many ancient cities were named after patron deities; alternatively, the Berber root word "ens," which means "to lie down" or "to pass the night," may indicate that the site was originally a camp or rest stop; finally, the name may be the same as the city of Tynes, mentioned in the writings of some ancient authors
geographic coordinates: 36 48 N, 10 11 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: three possibilities exist for the derivation of the name; originally a Berber settlement (earliest reference 4th century B.C.), the strategic site fell to the Carthaginians (Phoenicians) and the city could be named after the Punic goddess Tanit, since many ancient cities were named after patron deities; alternatively, the Berber root word "ens," which means "to lie down" or "to pass the night," may indicate that the site was originally a camp or rest stop; finally, the name may be the same as the city of Tynes, mentioned in the writings of some ancient authors
Peru
name: Lima
geographic coordinates: 12 03 S, 77 03 W
time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: the word "Lima" derives from the Spanish pronunciation of "Limaq," the native name for the valley in which the city was founded in 1535; "limaq" means "talker" in coastal Quechua and referred to an oracle that was situated in the valley but which was eventually destroyed by the Spanish and replaced with a church
geographic coordinates: 12 03 S, 77 03 W
time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: the word "Lima" derives from the Spanish pronunciation of "Limaq," the native name for the valley in which the city was founded in 1535; "limaq" means "talker" in coastal Quechua and referred to an oracle that was situated in the valley but which was eventually destroyed by the Spanish and replaced with a church
Libyen
name: Tripoli (Tarabulus)
geographic coordinates: 32 53 N, 13 10 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: originally founded by the Phoenicians as Oea in the 7th century B.C., the city changed rulers many times over the successive centuries; by the beginning of the 3rd century A.D. the region around the city was referred to as Regio Tripolitana by the Romans, meaning "region of the three cities" - namely Oea (i.e., modern Tripoli), Sabratha (to the west), and Leptis Magna (to the east); over time, the shortened name of "Tripoli" came to refer to just Oea, which derives from the Greek words tria and polis meaning "three cities"
geographic coordinates: 32 53 N, 13 10 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: originally founded by the Phoenicians as Oea in the 7th century B.C., the city changed rulers many times over the successive centuries; by the beginning of the 3rd century A.D. the region around the city was referred to as Regio Tripolitana by the Romans, meaning "region of the three cities" - namely Oea (i.e., modern Tripoli), Sabratha (to the west), and Leptis Magna (to the east); over time, the shortened name of "Tripoli" came to refer to just Oea, which derives from the Greek words tria and polis meaning "three cities"
Citizenship
Tunesien
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Tunisia
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Tunisia
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Peru
citizenship by birth: yes
citizenship by descent only: yes
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 2 years
citizenship by descent only: yes
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 2 years
Libyen
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent or grandparent must be a citizen of Libya
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: varies from 3 to 5 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent or grandparent must be a citizen of Libya
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: varies from 3 to 5 years
Legal system
Tunesien
mixed legal system of civil law, based on the French civil code and Islamic (sharia) law; some judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court in joint session
Peru
civil law system
Libyen
Libya's post-revolution legal system is in flux and driven by state and non-state entities
Suffrage
Tunesien
18 years of age; universal except for active government security forces (including the police and the military), people with mental disabilities, people who have served more than three months in prison (criminal cases only), and people given a suspended sentence of more than six months
Peru
18 years of age; universal and compulsory until the age of 70
Libyen
18 years of age, universal
Area
Tunesien
total: 163,610 sq km
land: 155,360 sq km
water: 8,250 sq km
land: 155,360 sq km
water: 8,250 sq km
Peru
total: 1,285,216 sq km
land: 1,279,996 sq km
water: 5,220 sq km
land: 1,279,996 sq km
water: 5,220 sq km
Libyen
total: 1,759,540 sq km
land: 1,759,540 sq km
water: 0 sq km
land: 1,759,540 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Land use
Tunesien
agricultural land: 64.8% (2018 est.)
arable land: 18.3% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 15.4% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 31.1% (2018 est.)
forest: 6.6% (2018 est.)
other: 28.6% (2018 est.)
arable land: 18.3% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 15.4% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 31.1% (2018 est.)
forest: 6.6% (2018 est.)
other: 28.6% (2018 est.)
Peru
agricultural land: 18.8% (2018 est.)
arable land: 3.1% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 1.1% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 14.6% (2018 est.)
forest: 53% (2018 est.)
other: 28.2% (2018 est.)
arable land: 3.1% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 1.1% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 14.6% (2018 est.)
forest: 53% (2018 est.)
other: 28.2% (2018 est.)
Libyen
agricultural land: 8.8% (2018 est.)
arable land: 1% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 7.6% (2018 est.)
forest: 0.1% (2018 est.)
other: 91.1% (2018 est.)
arable land: 1% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 7.6% (2018 est.)
forest: 0.1% (2018 est.)
other: 91.1% (2018 est.)
Location
Tunesien
Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Libya
Peru
Western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile and Ecuador
Libyen
Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt, Tunisia, and Algeria
Age structure
Tunesien
0-14 years: 24.77% (male 1,529,179/female 1,436,771)
15-64 years: 65.26% (male 3,843,642/female 3,971,509)
65 years and over: 9.98% (2023 est.) (male 566,265/female 628,816)
15-64 years: 65.26% (male 3,843,642/female 3,971,509)
65 years and over: 9.98% (2023 est.) (male 566,265/female 628,816)
Peru
0-14 years: 26.04% (male 4,311,243/female 4,136,849)
15-64 years: 65.94% (male 10,452,598/female 10,937,233)
65 years and over: 8.02% (2023 est.) (male 1,134,587/female 1,467,662)
15-64 years: 65.94% (male 10,452,598/female 10,937,233)
65 years and over: 8.02% (2023 est.) (male 1,134,587/female 1,467,662)
Libyen
0-14 years: 32.81% (male 1,213,850/female 1,166,039)
15-64 years: 62.8% (male 2,340,685/female 2,213,782)
65 years and over: 4.39% (2023 est.) (male 143,737/female 174,480)
15-64 years: 62.8% (male 2,340,685/female 2,213,782)
65 years and over: 4.39% (2023 est.) (male 143,737/female 174,480)
Birth rate
Tunesien
14.1 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Peru
17 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Libyen
20.9 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate
Tunesien
6.4 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Peru
11 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Libyen
3.5 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Languages
Tunesien
Arabic (official, one of the languages of commerce), French (commerce), Berber (Tamazight); note - despite having no official status, French plays a major role in the country and is spoken by about two thirds of the population
major-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، أحسن كتاب تتعلم به المعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)
The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، أحسن كتاب تتعلم به المعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)
The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Peru
Spanish (official) 82.9%, Quechua (official) 13.6%, Aymara (official) 1.6%, Ashaninka 0.3%, other native languages (includes a large number of minor Amazonian languages) 0.8%, other (includes foreign languages and sign language) 0.2%, none 0.1%, unspecified 0.7% (2017 est.)
major-language sample(s):
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Libyen
Arabic (official), Italian, English (all widely understood in the major cities); Berber (Nafusi, Ghadamis, Suknah, Awjilah, Tamasheq)
major-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Life expectancy at birth
Tunesien
total population: 77.1 years (2023 est.)
male: 75.4 years
female: 78.8 years
male: 75.4 years
female: 78.8 years
Peru
total population: 68.9 years (2023 est.)
male: 65.4 years
female: 72.7 years
male: 65.4 years
female: 72.7 years
Libyen
total population: 77.4 years (2023 est.)
male: 75.2 years
female: 79.8 years
male: 75.2 years
female: 79.8 years
Major urban areas - population
Tunesien
2.475 million TUNIS (capital) (2023)
Peru
11.204 million LIMA (capital), 959,000 Arequipa, 904,000 Trujillo (2023)
Libyen
1.183 million TRIPOLI (capital), 984,000 Misratah, 859,000 Benghazi (2023)
Median age
Tunesien
total: 34 years (2023 est.)
male: 33.2 years
female: 34.7 years
male: 33.2 years
female: 34.7 years
Peru
total: 30.1 years (2023 est.)
male: 29.1 years
female: 31.1 years
male: 29.1 years
female: 31.1 years
Libyen
total: 26.1 years (2023 est.)
male: 26.1 years
female: 26.1 years
male: 26.1 years
female: 26.1 years
Peru
21.9 years (2013 est.)
note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49
note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49
Net migration rate
Tunesien
-1.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Peru
-0.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Libyen
-2.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Population distribution
Tunesien
the overwhelming majority of the population is located in the northern half of the country; the south remains largely underpopulated as shown in this population distribution map
Peru
approximately one-third of the population resides along the desert coastal belt in the west, with a strong focus on the capital city of Lima; the Andean highlands, or sierra, which is strongly identified with the country's Amerindian population, contains roughly half of the overall population; the eastern slopes of the Andes, and adjoining rainforest, are sparsely populated
Libyen
well over 90% of the population lives along the Mediterranean coast in and between Tripoli to the west and Al Bayda to the east; the interior remains vastly underpopulated due to the Sahara and lack of surface water as shown in this population distribution map
Population growth rate
Tunesien
0.63% (2023 est.)
Peru
0.5% (2023 est.)
Libyen
1.54% (2023 est.)
Total fertility rate
Tunesien
1.96 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Peru
2.18 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Libyen
3.04 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Urbanization
Tunesien
urban population: 70.5% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 1.34% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 1.34% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Peru
urban population: 78.9% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 1.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 1.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Libyen
urban population: 81.6% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 1.45% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 1.45% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Education expenditures
Tunesien
7.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Peru
4% of GDP (2021 est.)
Libyen
NA
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
Tunesien
total: 15 years
male: 14 years
female: 16 years (2016)
male: 14 years
female: 16 years (2016)
Peru
total: 15 years
male: 15 years
female: 15 years (2017)
male: 15 years
female: 15 years (2017)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
Tunesien
-5.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Peru
-3.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Libyen
-25.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
Tunesien
8.6% (2021 est.)
Peru
16.44% (2021 est.)
Libyen
-10.57% (2019 est.)
Labor force
Tunesien
4.226 million (2021 est.)
Peru
18.352 million (2021 est.)
note: individuals older than 14 years of age
note: individuals older than 14 years of age
Libyen
2.28 million (2021 est.)
Population below poverty line
Tunesien
15.2% (2015 est.)
Peru
20.2% (2019 est.)
Libyen
note: about one-third of Libyans live at or below the national poverty line
Unemployment rate
Tunesien
16.82% (2021 est.)
16.59% (2020 est.)
15.13% (2019 est.)
16.59% (2020 est.)
15.13% (2019 est.)
Peru
4.83% (2021 est.)
7.18% (2020 est.)
3.38% (2019 est.)
note: data are for metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment
7.18% (2020 est.)
3.38% (2019 est.)
note: data are for metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment
Libyen
19.58% (2021 est.)
20.07% (2020 est.)
19.66% (2019 est.)
20.07% (2020 est.)
19.66% (2019 est.)
Public debt
Tunesien
70.3% of GDP (2017 est.)
62.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
62.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Peru
34.67% of GDP (2020 est.)
26.54% of GDP (2019 est.)
25.7% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued by government entities other than the treasury; the data exclude treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities
26.54% of GDP (2019 est.)
25.7% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued by government entities other than the treasury; the data exclude treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities
Libyen
4.7% of GDP (2017 est.)
7.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
7.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
Tunesien
5.71% (2021 est.)
5.63% (2020 est.)
6.72% (2019 est.)
5.63% (2020 est.)
6.72% (2019 est.)
Peru
4.27% (2021 est.)
2% (2020 est.)
2.25% (2019 est.)
note: data are for metropolitan Lima, annual average
2% (2020 est.)
2.25% (2019 est.)
note: data are for metropolitan Lima, annual average
Libyen
28.5% (2017 est.)
25.9% (2016 est.)
25.9% (2016 est.)
Exports
Tunesien
$19.743 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$16.017 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$19.175 billion (2019 est.)
$16.017 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$19.175 billion (2019 est.)
Peru
$66.098 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$45.624 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$54.676 billion (2019 est.)
$45.624 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$54.676 billion (2019 est.)
Libyen
$9.537 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$29.326 billion (2019 est.)
$29.964 billion (2018 est.)
$29.326 billion (2019 est.)
$29.964 billion (2018 est.)
Exports - partners
Tunesien
France 29%, Italy 17%, Germany 13% (2019)
Peru
China 29%, United States 12%, Canada 5%, South Korea 5%, Switzerland 5% (2019)
Libyen
Italy 18%, China 16%, Germany 15%, Spain 15%, United Arab Emirates 6%, France 6%, United States 5% (2019)
Imports
Tunesien
$24.269 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$19.603 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$23.546 billion (2019 est.)
$19.603 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$23.546 billion (2019 est.)
Peru
$58.611 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$42.093 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$51.778 billion (2019 est.)
$42.093 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$51.778 billion (2019 est.)
Libyen
$14.334 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$25.368 billion (2019 est.)
$18.849 billion (2018 est.)
$25.368 billion (2019 est.)
$18.849 billion (2018 est.)
Imports - partners
Tunesien
France 17%, Italy 16%, Germany 8%, China 8%, Algeria 7% (2019)
Peru
China 24%, United States 22%, Brazil 6% (2019)
Libyen
China 16%, Turkey 14%, Italy 9%, United Arab Emirates 9%, Egypt 5% (2019)
Airports
Tunesien
29 (2021)
Peru
191 (2021)
Libyen
146 (2021)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
Tunesien
total: 1,334,059 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2020 est.)
Peru
total: 3.044 million (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 9 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 9 (2020 est.)
Libyen
total: 332,000 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 5 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 5 (2020 est.)
Internet users
Tunesien
total: 9.48 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 79% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 79% (2021 est.)
Peru
total: 24.14 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 71% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 71% (2021 est.)
Libyen
total: 3,095,400 (2021 est.)
percent of population: 46.2% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 46.2% (2021 est.)
Railways
Tunesien
total: 2,173 km (2014) (1,991 in use)
standard gauge: 471 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 1,694 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge (65 km electrified)
dual gauge: 8 km (2014) 1.435-1.000-m gauge
standard gauge: 471 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 1,694 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge (65 km electrified)
dual gauge: 8 km (2014) 1.435-1.000-m gauge
Peru
total: 1,854.4 km (2017)
standard gauge: 1,730.4 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (34 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 124 km (2014) 0.914-m gauge
standard gauge: 1,730.4 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (34 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 124 km (2014) 0.914-m gauge
Roadways
Tunesien
paved: 20,000 km (2015)
Peru
total: 18,699 km (2018)
paved: 18,699 km
note: includes 27,109 km of national roads (21,434 km paved), 247,505 km of departmental roads (3,623 km paved), and 113,857 km of local roads (1,858 km paved)
paved: 18,699 km
note: includes 27,109 km of national roads (21,434 km paved), 247,505 km of departmental roads (3,623 km paved), and 113,857 km of local roads (1,858 km paved)
Libyen
total: 37,000 km (2010)
paved: 34,000 km (2010)
unpaved: 3,000 km (2010)
paved: 34,000 km (2010)
unpaved: 3,000 km (2010)
Telephones - fixed lines
Tunesien
total subscriptions: 1.7 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 14 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 14 (2021 est.)
Peru
total subscriptions: 2,266,025 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 7 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 7 (2021 est.)
Libyen
total subscriptions: 1.6 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 23 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 23 (2021 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
Tunesien
total subscriptions: 16 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 130 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 130 (2021 est.)
Peru
total subscriptions: 43,129,394 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 128 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 128 (2021 est.)
Libyen
total subscriptions: 2.9 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 43 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 43 (2021 est.)
Peru
8,808 km (2011) (8,600 km of navigable tributaries on the Amazon River system and 208 km on Lago Titicaca)
Disputes - international
Tunesien
none identified
Peru
Peru-Bolivia: Peru rejects Bolivia's claim to restore maritime access through a sovereign corridor through Chile along the Peruvian border
Peru-Brazil: none identified
Peru-Chile: Bolivia continues to press for a sovereign corridor to the Pacific Ocean; any concession Chile makes to Bolivia to grant them a sovereign corridor requires approval by Peru under the terms of their treaty; in January 2018, the International Court of Justice ruled that Chile is not legally obligated to negotiate a sovereign corridor to the Pacific Ocean with Bolivia
Peru-Chile-Ecuador: Chile and Ecuador rejected Peru's November 2005 unilateral legislation to shift the axis of their joint treaty-defined maritime boundaries along the parallels of latitude to equidistance lines out to 200 nautical miles, which would give Peru 37,900 square kilometers of water
Peru-Colombia: organized illegal narcotics operations in Colombia have penetrated Peru's shared border; problems also include cross border illegal migration, human trafficking, and contraband smuggling
Peru-Ecuador: in 1999, Tiwinza memorial park was created on lands that remains sovereign Peruvian territory, but Ecuador has the right to maintain and administer it in perpetuity
Libyen
Libya-Algeria: dormant disputes include Libyan claims of about 32,000 sq km still reflected on its maps of southeastern Algeria
Libya-Chad: various Chadian rebels from the Aozou region reside in southern Libya; Libyan forces clashed with Chadian rebels in September 2021
Libya-Egypt: none identified
Libya-Niger: the boundary is poorly defined but has never been disputed by either country
Libya-Sudan: none identified
Libya-Tunisia: none identified
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