Capital

Luxemburg

name: Luxembourg

geographic coordinates: 49 36 N, 6 07 E

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: the name derives from the Celtic lucilem (little) and the German burg (castle or fortress) to produce the meaning of the "little castle"; the name is actually ironic, since for centuries the Fortress of Luxembourg was one of Europe's most formidable fortifications; the name passed to the city that grew around the fortress

Citizenship

Luxemburg

citizenship by birth: limited to situations where the parents are either unknown, stateless, or when the nationality law of the parents' state of origin does not permit acquisition of citizenship by descent when the birth occurs outside of national territory

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Luxembourg

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 7 years

Legal system

Luxemburg

civil law system

Suffrage

Luxemburg

18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Area

Luxemburg

total: 2,586 sq km

land: 2,586 sq km

water: 0 sq km

Land use

Luxemburg

agricultural land: 50.7% (2018 est.)

arable land: 24% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.6% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 26.1% (2018 est.)

forest: 33.5% (2018 est.)

other: 15.8% (2018 est.)

Location

Luxemburg

Western Europe, between France and Germany

Age structure

Luxemburg

0-14 years: 16.73% (male 57,006/female 53,593)

15-64 years: 67.38% (male 228,427/female 216,912)

65 years and over: 15.88% (2023 est.) (male 47,951/female 57,035)

Birth rate

Luxemburg

11.6 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Luxemburg

7.2 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Luxemburg

Luxembourgish (official administrative and judicial language and national language (spoken vernacular)) 55.8%, Portuguese 15.7%, French (official administrative, judicial, and legislative language) 12.1%, German (official administrative and judicial language) 3.1%, Italian 2.9%, English 2.1%, other 8.4% (2011 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

Luxemburg

total population: 83.2 years (2023 est.)

male: 80.7 years

female: 85.8 years

Major urban areas - population

Luxemburg

120,000 LUXEMBOURG (capital) (2018)

Median age

Luxemburg

total: 39.8 years (2023 est.)

male: 39.3 years

female: 40.3 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

Luxemburg

31 years (2020 est.)

Net migration rate

Luxemburg

11.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

Luxemburg

most people live in the south, on or near the border with France

Population growth rate

Luxemburg

1.58% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Luxemburg

1.63 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Luxemburg

urban population: 92.1% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 1.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Education expenditures

Luxemburg

5% of GDP (2020 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Luxemburg

total: 15 years

male: 15 years

female: 15 years (2020)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Luxemburg

1.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Luxemburg

2.87% (2021 est.)

Labor force

Luxemburg

333,900 (2021 est.)

note: data exclude foreign workers; in addition to the figure for domestic labor force, about 150,000 workers commute daily from France, Belgium, and Germany

Population below poverty line

Luxemburg

17.5% (2018 est.)

Unemployment rate

Luxemburg

5.23% (2021 est.)

6.77% (2020 est.)

5.59% (2019 est.)

Public debt

Luxemburg

23% of GDP (2017 est.)

20.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Luxemburg

2.53% (2021 est.)

0.82% (2020 est.)

1.74% (2019 est.)

Exports

Luxemburg

$177.831 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$145.417 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$139.559 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Exports - partners

Luxemburg

Germany 23%, France 13%, Belgium 12%, Netherlands 6%, Italy 5% (2019)

Imports

Luxemburg

$148.15 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$121.328 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$116.803 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Imports - partners

Luxemburg

Belgium 27%, Germany 24%, France 11%, Netherlands 5% (2019)

Airports

Luxemburg

2 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Luxemburg

total: 235,155 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 38 (2020 est.)

Internet users

Luxemburg

total: 633,600 (2021 est.)

percent of population: 99% (2021 est.)

Railways

Luxemburg

total: 271 km (2020) 262 km electrified

Roadways

Luxemburg

total: 2,875 km (2019)

Telephones - fixed lines

Luxemburg

total subscriptions: 270,000 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 42 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Luxemburg

total subscriptions: 880,000 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 140 (2021 est.)

Waterways

Luxemburg

37 km (2010) (on Moselle River)

Disputes - international

Luxemburg

none identified