Capital

Portugal

name: Lisbon

geographic coordinates: 38 43 N, 9 08 W

time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

time zone note: Portugal has two time zones, including the Azores (UTC-1)

etymology: Lisbon is one of Europe's oldest cities (the second oldest capital city after Athens) and the origin of the name is lost in time; it may have been founded as an ancient Celtic settlement that subsequently maintained close commercial relations with the Phoenicians (beginning about 1200 B.C.); the name of the settlement may have been derived from the pre-Roman appellation for the Tagus River that runs through the city, Lisso or Lucio; the Romans named the city "Olisippo" when they took it from the Carthaginians in 205 B.C.; under the Visigoths the city name became "Ulixbona," under the Arabs it was "al-Ushbuna"; the medieval version of "Lissabona" became today's Lisboa

Citizenship

Portugal

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Portugal

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years; 6 years if from a Portuguese-speaking country

Legal system

Portugal

civil law system; Constitutional Court review of legislative acts

Suffrage

Portugal

18 years of age; universal

Area

Portugal

total: 92,090 sq km

land: 91,470 sq km

water: 620 sq km

note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands

Land use

Portugal

agricultural land: 39.7% (2018 est.)

arable land: 11.9% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 7.8% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 20% (2018 est.)

forest: 37.8% (2018 est.)

other: 22.5% (2018 est.)

Location

Portugal

Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain

Age structure

Portugal

0-14 years: 12.85% (male 672,673/female 641,409)

15-64 years: 65.18% (male 3,274,201/female 3,389,374)

65 years and over: 21.96% (2023 est.) (male 895,576/female 1,349,917)

Birth rate

Portugal

8 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Portugal

10.9 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Portugal

Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used)

Life expectancy at birth

Portugal

total population: 81.7 years (2023 est.)

male: 78.6 years

female: 85 years

Major urban areas - population

Portugal

3.001 million LISBON (capital), 1.325 million Porto (2023)

Median age

Portugal

total: 46 years (2023 est.)

male: 44 years

female: 47.9 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

Portugal

29.9 years (2020 est.)

Net migration rate

Portugal

1.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

Portugal

concentrations are primarily along or near the Atlantic coast; both Lisbon and the second largest city, Porto, are coastal cities

Population growth rate

Portugal

-0.17% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Portugal

1.44 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Portugal

urban population: 67.9% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.44% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Education expenditures

Portugal

5% of GDP (2020 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Portugal

total: 17 years

male: 17 years

female: 17 years (2020)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Portugal

-3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Portugal

5.63% (2021 est.)

Labor force

Portugal

5.174 million (2021 est.)

Population below poverty line

Portugal

17.2% (2018 est.)

Unemployment rate

Portugal

6.65% (2021 est.)

6.79% (2020 est.)

6.46% (2019 est.)

Public debt

Portugal

125.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

129.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Portugal

1.27% (2021 est.)

-0.01% (2020 est.)

0.34% (2019 est.)

Exports

Portugal

$105.648 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$85.128 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$104.846 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Exports - partners

Portugal

Spain 26%, France 12%, Germany 12%, United States 6%, United Kingdom 5% (2021)

Imports

Portugal

$112.413 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$89.515 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$103.009 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Imports - partners

Portugal

Spain 31%, Germany 12%, France 6%, Italy 5%, Netherlands 5% (2021)

Airports

Portugal

64 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Portugal

total: 4,160,795 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 41 (2020 est.)

Internet users

Portugal

total: 8.2 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 82% (2021 est.)

Railways

Portugal

total: 2,526 km (2020) 1,696 km electrified

Roadways

Portugal

total: 82,900 km (2008)

paved: 71,294 km (2008) (includes 2,613 km of expressways)

unpaved: 11,606 km (2008)

Telephones - fixed lines

Portugal

total subscriptions: 5,318,750 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 52 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Portugal

total subscriptions: 12,476,165 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 121 (2021 est.)

Waterways

Portugal

210 km (2011) (on Douro River from Porto)

Disputes - international

Portugal

Portugal-Spain: Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz