Capital

Jemen

name: Sanaa

geographic coordinates: 15 21 N, 44 12 E

time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: the name is reputed to mean "well-fortified" in Sabaean, the South Arabian language that went extinct in Yemen in the 6th century A.D.

Israel

name: Jerusalem; note - the US recognized Jerusalem as Israel’s capital in December 2017 without taking a position on the specific boundaries of Israeli sovereignty

geographic coordinates: 31 46 N, 35 14 E

time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, Friday before the last Sunday in March; ends the last Sunday in October

etymology: Jerusalem's settlement may date back to 2800 B.C.; it is named Urushalim in Egyptian texts of the 14th century B.C.; uru-shalim likely means "foundation of [by] the god Shalim", and derives from Hebrew/Semitic yry, "to found or lay a cornerstone", and Shalim, the Canaanite god of dusk and the nether world; Shalim was associated with sunset and peace and the name is based on the same S-L-M root from which Semitic words for "peace" are derived (Salam or Shalom in modern Arabic and Hebrew); this confluence has thus led to naming interpretations such as "The City of Peace" or "The Abode of Peace"

Portugal

name: Lisbon

geographic coordinates: 38 43 N, 9 08 W

time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

time zone note: Portugal has two time zones, including the Azores (UTC-1)

etymology: Lisbon is one of Europe's oldest cities (the second oldest capital city after Athens) and the origin of the name is lost in time; it may have been founded as an ancient Celtic settlement that subsequently maintained close commercial relations with the Phoenicians (beginning about 1200 B.C.); the name of the settlement may have been derived from the pre-Roman appellation for the Tagus River that runs through the city, Lisso or Lucio; the Romans named the city "Olisippo" when they took it from the Carthaginians in 205 B.C.; under the Visigoths the city name became "Ulixbona," under the Arabs it was "al-Ushbuna"; the medieval version of "Lissabona" became today's Lisboa

Citizenship

Jemen

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Yemen; if the father is unknown, the mother must be a citizen

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years

Israel

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Israel

dual citizenship recognized: yes, but naturalized citizens are not allowed to maintain dual citizenship

residency requirement for naturalization: 3 out of the 5 years preceding the application for naturalization

note: Israeli law (Law of Return, 5 July 1950) provides for the granting of citizenship to any Jew - defined as a person being born to a Jewish mother or having converted to Judaism while renouncing any other religion - who immigrates to and expresses a desire to settle in Israel on the basis of the Right of aliyah; the 1970 amendment of this act extended the right to family members including the spouse of a Jew, any child or grandchild, and the spouses of children and grandchildren

Portugal

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Portugal

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years; 6 years if from a Portuguese-speaking country

Legal system

Jemen

mixed legal system of Islamic (sharia) law, Napoleonic law, English common law, and customary law

Israel

mixed legal system of English common law, British Mandate regulations, and Jewish, Christian, and Muslim religious laws

Portugal

civil law system; Constitutional Court review of legislative acts

Suffrage

Jemen

18 years of age; universal

Israel

18 years of age; universal; 17 years of age for municipal elections

Portugal

18 years of age; universal

Area

Jemen

total: 527,968 sq km

land: 527,968 sq km

water: 0 sq km

note: includes Perim, Socotra, the former Yemen Arab Republic (YAR or North Yemen), and the former People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY or South Yemen)

Israel

total: 21,937 sq km

land: 21,497 sq km

water: 440 sq km

Portugal

total: 92,090 sq km

land: 91,470 sq km

water: 620 sq km

note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands

Land use

Jemen

agricultural land: 44.5% (2018 est.)

arable land: 2.2% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.6% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 41.7% (2018 est.)

forest: 1% (2018 est.)

other: 54.5% (2018 est.)

Israel

agricultural land: 23.8% (2018 est.)

arable land: 13.7% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 3.8% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 6.3% (2018 est.)

forest: 7.1% (2018 est.)

other: 69.1% (2018 est.)

Portugal

agricultural land: 39.7% (2018 est.)

arable land: 11.9% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 7.8% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 20% (2018 est.)

forest: 37.8% (2018 est.)

other: 22.5% (2018 est.)

Location

Jemen

Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Red Sea, between Oman and Saudi Arabia

Israel

Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Lebanon

Portugal

Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain

Age structure

Jemen

0-14 years: 35.14% (male 5,641,548/female 5,449,491)

15-64 years: 61.52% (male 9,829,725/female 9,590,956)

65 years and over: 3.34% (2023 est.) (male 464,548/female 589,334)

Israel

0-14 years: 25.96% (male 1,200,721/female 1,146,556)

15-64 years: 61.66% (male 2,839,124/female 2,737,054)

65 years and over: 12.38% (2023 est.) (male 506,536/female 613,396)

Portugal

0-14 years: 12.85% (male 672,673/female 641,409)

15-64 years: 65.18% (male 3,274,201/female 3,389,374)

65 years and over: 21.96% (2023 est.) (male 895,576/female 1,349,917)

Birth rate

Jemen

24.1 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Israel

19.3 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Portugal

8 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Jemen

5.5 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Israel

5.6 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Portugal

10.9 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Jemen

Arabic (official); note - a distinct Socotri language is widely used on Socotra Island and Archipelago; Mahri is still fairly widely spoken in eastern Yemen

major-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Israel

Hebrew (official), Arabic (special status under Israeli law), English (most commonly used foreign language)

major-language sample(s):
ספר עובדות העולם, המקור החיוני למידע בסיסי (Hebrew)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Portugal

Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used)

Life expectancy at birth

Jemen

total population: 67.8 years (2023 est.)

male: 65.5 years

female: 70.3 years

Israel

total population: 82.2 years (2023 est.)

male: 80.2 years

female: 84.3 years

Portugal

total population: 81.7 years (2023 est.)

male: 78.6 years

female: 85 years

Major urban areas - population

Jemen

3.292 million SANAA (capital), 1.080 million Aden, 941,000 Taiz, 772,000 Ibb (2023)

Israel

4.421 million Tel Aviv-Yafo, 1.174 million Haifa, 970,000 JERUSALEM (capital) (2023)

Portugal

3.001 million LISBON (capital), 1.325 million Porto (2023)

Median age

Jemen

total: 21.6 years (2023 est.)

male: 21.5 years

female: 21.8 years

Israel

total: 30.1 years (2023 est.)

male: 29.5 years

female: 30.7 years

Portugal

total: 46 years (2023 est.)

male: 44 years

female: 47.9 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

Jemen

20.8 years (2013 est.)

note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49

Israel

27.7 years (2019 est.)

Portugal

29.9 years (2020 est.)

Net migration rate

Jemen

-0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Israel

1.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Portugal

1.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

Jemen

the vast majority of the population is found in the Asir Mountains (part of the larger Sarawat Mountain system), located in the far western region of the country

Israel

population concentrated in and around Tel-Aviv, as well as around the Sea of Galilee; the south remains sparsely populated with the exception of the shore of the Gulf of Aqaba

Portugal

concentrations are primarily along or near the Atlantic coast; both Lisbon and the second largest city, Porto, are coastal cities

Population growth rate

Jemen

1.83% (2023 est.)

Israel

1.56% (2023 est.)

Portugal

-0.17% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Jemen

2.91 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Israel

2.94 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Portugal

1.44 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Jemen

urban population: 39.8% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 3.71% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Israel

urban population: 92.9% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 1.51% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Portugal

urban population: 67.9% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.44% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Education expenditures

Jemen

NA

Israel

7.1% of GDP (2020 est.)

Portugal

5% of GDP (2020 est.)

Israel

total: 16 years

male: 15 years

female: 17 years (2020)

Portugal

total: 17 years

male: 17 years

female: 17 years (2020)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Jemen

-5.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Israel

-2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Portugal

-3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Jemen

-5.23% (2018 est.)

Israel

6.05% (2021 est.)

Portugal

5.63% (2021 est.)

Labor force

Jemen

7.299 million (2021 est.)

Israel

4.186 million (2021 est.)

Portugal

5.174 million (2021 est.)

Population below poverty line

Jemen

48.6% (2014 est.)

Israel

22% (2014 est.)

note: Israel's poverty line is $7.30 per person per day

Portugal

17.2% (2018 est.)

Unemployment rate

Jemen

13.57% (2021 est.)

13.39% (2020 est.)

13.06% (2019 est.)

Israel

5.05% (2021 est.)

4.33% (2020 est.)

3.8% (2019 est.)

Portugal

6.65% (2021 est.)

6.79% (2020 est.)

6.46% (2019 est.)

Public debt

Jemen

74.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

68.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

Israel

72.6% of GDP (2020 est.)

59.6% of GDP (2019 est.)

60.4% of GDP (2018 est.)

Portugal

125.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

129.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Jemen

24.7% (2017 est.)

-12.6% (2016 est.)

Israel

1.49% (2021 est.)

-0.59% (2020 est.)

0.84% (2019 est.)

Portugal

1.27% (2021 est.)

-0.01% (2020 est.)

0.34% (2019 est.)

Exports

Jemen

$384.5 million (2017 est.)

$940 million (2016 est.)

Israel

$143.884 billion (2021 est.)

$114.422 billion (2020 est.)

$117.779 billion (2019 est.)

note: data are in current year dollars

Portugal

$105.648 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$85.128 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$104.846 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Exports - partners

Jemen

China 53%, Saudi Arabia 10%, United Arab Emirates 7%, Australia 5% (2019)

Israel

United States 27%, China 8%, India 4%, Germany 3%, Ireland 3% (2021)

note: Approximately, 6% of Israel's exports went to the Gaza Strip and West Bank, but official data are not available individually for the Palestinian territories.

Portugal

Spain 26%, France 12%, Germany 12%, United States 6%, United Kingdom 5% (2021)

Imports

Jemen

$4.079 billion (2017 est.)

$3.117 billion (2016 est.)

Israel

$124.578 billion (2021 est.)

$95.977 billion (2020 est.)

$108.784 billion (2019 est.)

note: data are in current year dollars

Portugal

$112.413 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$89.515 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$103.009 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Imports - partners

Jemen

China 25%, Turkey 10%, United Arab Emirates 9%, Saudi Arabia 8%, India 7% (2019)

Israel

China 14%, United States 11%, Turkey 7%, Germany 7%, Switzerland 5% (2021)

Portugal

Spain 31%, Germany 12%, France 6%, Italy 5%, Netherlands 5% (2021)

Airports

Jemen

57 (2021)

Israel

42 (2021)

Portugal

64 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Jemen

total: 391,000 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2020 est.)

Israel

total: 2,602,079 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2020 est.)

Portugal

total: 4,160,795 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 41 (2020 est.)

Internet users

Jemen

total: 8,229,624 (2022 est.)

percent of population: 26.6% (2022 est.)

Israel

total: 8.01 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 90% (2021 est.)

Portugal

total: 8.2 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 82% (2021 est.)

Israel

total: 1,497 km (2021) (2019)

standard gauge: 1,497 km (2021) 1.435-m gauge

Portugal

total: 2,526 km (2020) 1,696 km electrified

Roadways

Jemen

total: 71,300 km (2005)

paved: 6,200 km (2005)

unpaved: 65,100 km (2005)

Israel

total: 20,391 km (2021)

paved: 20,391 km (2021) (includes 449 km of expressways)

Portugal

total: 82,900 km (2008)

paved: 71,294 km (2008) (includes 2,613 km of expressways)

unpaved: 11,606 km (2008)

Telephones - fixed lines

Jemen

total subscriptions: 1.2 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 4 (2021 est.)

Israel

total subscriptions: 3.5 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 39 (2021 est.)

Portugal

total subscriptions: 5,318,750 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 52 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Jemen

total subscriptions: 15 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 46 (2021 est.)

Israel

total subscriptions: 12.5 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 140 (2021 est.)

Portugal

total subscriptions: 12,476,165 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 121 (2021 est.)

Portugal

210 km (2011) (on Douro River from Porto)

Disputes - international

Jemen

Yemen-Oman: none identified

Yemen-Saudia Arabia: in 2004, Saudi Arabia reinforced its concrete-filled security barrier along sections of the fully demarcated border with Yemen to stem illegal cross-border activities, including militants and arms; in 2013 and 2015, Saudi Arabia again erected fences

 

Israel

Israel-Gaza Strip: Israel withdrew its settlers and military from the Gaza Strip and from four settlements in the West Bank in August 2005

Israel-Syria: Golan Heights is Israeli-controlled (Lebanon claims the Shab'a Farms area of Golan Heights); in March 2019, the US Government recognized Israel's sovereignty over the Golan Heights; since 1948, about 350 peacekeepers from the UN Truce Supervision Organization headquartered in Jerusalem monitor ceasefires, supervise armistice agreements, prevent isolated incidents from escalating, and assist other UN personnel in the region

Israel-West Bank: West Bank is Israeli-occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation; in 2002, Israel began construction of a "seam line" separation barrier along parts of the Green Line and within the West Bank; as of mid-2020, plans were to continue barrier construction

Portugal

Portugal-Spain: Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz