Capital

Tadschikistan

name: Dushanbe

geographic coordinates: 38 33 N, 68 46 E

time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: today's city was originally at the crossroads where a large bazaar occurred on Mondays, hence the name Dushanbe, which in Persian means Monday, i.e., the second day (du) after Saturday (shambe)

Citizenship

Tadschikistan

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Tajikistan

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years or 3 years of continuous residence prior to application

Legal system

Tadschikistan

civil law system

Suffrage

Tadschikistan

18 years of age; universal

Area

Tadschikistan

total: 144,100 sq km

land: 141,510 sq km

water: 2,590 sq km

Land use

Tadschikistan

agricultural land: 34.7% (2018 est.)

arable land: 6.1% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.9% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 27.7% (2018 est.)

forest: 2.9% (2018 est.)

other: 62.4% (2018 est.)

Location

Tadschikistan

Central Asia, west of China, south of Kyrgyzstan

Age structure

Tadschikistan

0-14 years: 29.98% (male 1,411,335/female 1,360,882)

15-64 years: 65.84% (male 3,025,782/female 3,061,836)

65 years and over: 4.18% (2023 est.) (male 159,728/female 226,374)

Birth rate

Tadschikistan

26.4 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Tadschikistan

4.9 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Tadschikistan

Tajik (official) 84.4%, Uzbek 11.9%, Kyrgyz 0.8%, Russian 0.5%, other 2.4% (2010 est.)

major-language sample(s):
Китоби Фактҳои Ҷаҳонӣ, манбаи бебадали маълумоти асосӣ (Tajik)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

note: Russian widely used in government and business

Life expectancy at birth

Tadschikistan

total population: 71.1 years (2023 est.)

male: 69.2 years

female: 73.1 years

Major urban areas - population

Tadschikistan

987,000 DUSHANBE (capital) (2023)

Median age

Tadschikistan

total: 22.7 years (2023 est.)

male: 22.3 years

female: 23.2 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

Tadschikistan

23.2 years (2017 est.)

Net migration rate

Tadschikistan

-2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

Tadschikistan

the country's population is concentrated at lower elevations, with perhaps as much as 90% of the people living in valleys; overall density increases from east to west

Population growth rate

Tadschikistan

1.94% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Tadschikistan

3.6 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Tadschikistan

urban population: 28.2% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 2.73% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Education expenditures

Tadschikistan

5.9% of GDP (2020 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Tadschikistan

total: 11 years

male: 12 years

female: 11 years (2013)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Tadschikistan

-1.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Tadschikistan

22.04% (2021 est.)

Labor force

Tadschikistan

2.5 million (2021 est.)

Population below poverty line

Tadschikistan

26.3% (2019 est.)

Unemployment rate

Tadschikistan

7.75% (2021 est.)

7.58% (2020 est.)

7.06% (2019 est.)

note: official rate; actual unemployment is much higher

Public debt

Tadschikistan

50.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

42% of GDP (2016 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Tadschikistan

7.7% (2019 est.)

3.9% (2018 est.)

7.3% (2017 est.)

Exports

Tadschikistan

$2.161 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$1.409 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$1.243 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Exports - partners

Tadschikistan

Turkey 24%, Switzerland 22%, Uzbekistan 16%, Kazakhstan 12%, China 10% (2019)

Imports

Tadschikistan

$4.258 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$3.125 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$3.409 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Imports - partners

Tadschikistan

China 40%, Russia 38%, Kazakhstan 19%, Uzbekistan 5% (2019)

Airports

Tadschikistan

24 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Tadschikistan

total: 6,000 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 0.1 (2020 est.)

Internet users

Tadschikistan

total: 3,009,054 (2022 est.)

percent of population: 30.4% (2022 est.)

Railways

Tadschikistan

total: 680 km (2014)

broad gauge: 680 km (2014) 1.520-m gauge

Roadways

Tadschikistan

total: 30,000 km (2018)

Telephones - fixed lines

Tadschikistan

total subscriptions: 500,000 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 5 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Tadschikistan

total subscriptions: 12 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 120 (2021 est.)

Waterways

Tadschikistan

200 km (2011) (along Vakhsh River)

Disputes - international

Tadschikistan

Tajikistan-Afghanistan: none identified

Tajikistan-China: in 2006, China and Tajikistan pledged to commence demarcation of the revised boundary agreed to in the delimitation of 2002; in 2011, Tajikistan and China ratified the 2002 border demarcation agreement whereby Tajikistan ceded approximately 1,100 square kilometers in the Pamirs to China

Tajikistan-Kyrgyzstan: disputes in Isfara Valley delay delimitation with Kyrgyzstan; in May 2021, both countries agreed to a ceasefire following recent clashes at their border

Tajikistan-Uzbekistan: talks continue with Uzbekistan to delimit border and clear minefields; as of January 2020, Uzbekistan reported that it had cleared all mines along its side of the border